Ilham Ahmed: Kurds Seek Federalism, Not Separation and Kurds must be a cornerstone in Syria’s Future

By Ahora Qadi

ERBIL (Kurdistan 24) – In an in-depth interview with Kurdistan 24, Ilham Ahmed, Head of Foreign Relations for the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), outlined the region’s vision for a democratic, inclusive Syria while warning of the dangers of centralization and calling for international support to avoid renewed conflict.

Speaking from the sidelines of the Sulaymaniyah Forum, Ahmed reflected on her visit to the Kurdistan Region. “There are many important discussions taking place here. The Kurdish question in Syria is no longer just the concern of Kurds in Rojava, and the Syrian democratic project is not only a Syrian issue anymore,” she said. “We see ourselves as supporters of these wider ideas.”

A sensitive and pivotal phase for Syria

Describing the current political stage in Syria as critical, Ahmed noted that the formation of a new constitutional framework is important. “This is a sensitive phase. We are in the process of shaping a new Syria. The agreement on forming a constitutional committee that includes all components is an important step,” she said.

“Kurds, Druze, Alawites, Armenians, and Christians—all must see themselves reflected in the constitution. This is the only way to build a truly democratic Syria.”

On relations with the new Syrian government

Asked about relations with President Ahmed al-Sharaa, Ahmed confirmed that direct dialogue is ongoing. “We discuss every issue and challenge that arises. While there are disagreements—our visions differ—dialogue continues and helps resolve problems.”

She stressed that their negotiations are rooted in the demand for a decentralized political system. “There must be local governance. The people must enter the Syrian administration willingly and live under it with dignity,” she said.

Federalism, not separation

Ahmed dismissed claims that DAANES seeks separation from Syria, instead advocating for a decentralized model. “Call it federalism or confederalism—we don’t mind. The name is not the issue. What matters is decentralization and regional self-governance,” she said.

“Rojava is part of Syrian territory, with its own cultural and geographic specificity. That uniqueness must be recognized and protected in the new constitution.”

On foreign mediation and the dangers of centralization

Ahmed revealed that ongoing negotiations with Damascus are supported by mediators. “We are clear in our position. If a centralized system is imposed, we will reject it. A return to central rule is dangerous and unacceptable.”

Peace in Turkey and its impact on Rojava

Turning to the Kurdish peace process in Turkey, Ahmed highlighted its regional significance. “Turkey’s internal peace process affects all Kurds. We want Turkey to engage positively, as its actions heavily influence Rojava and Syria.”

“Turkey often uses the PKK as a pretext for attacks. But now, with peace talks on the table, we see a chance to solve the Kurdish question—and dialogue with Turkey is important.”

On Abdullah Öcalan’s message and DAANES priorities

While acknowledging the symbolic importance of Abdullah Öcalan’s message, Ahmed clarified that DAANES focuses on internal Syrian affairs. “The message was related to PKK and Turkey. Our priority is dialogue with the Syrian government.”

U.S. and French roles: Crucial but unclear

Ahmed said Washington has yet to clearly define its Syria policy under the current administration. “The U.S. still hasn’t announced a clear strategy. Perhaps that is their policy in itself. But American influence is enormous, and their sanctions remain in place.”

Despite past disappointments under President Trump, she noted, “U.S. troops remain on the ground and continue to say they support us. That support is important for paving the way toward a political solution.”

France, she added, has been a consistent partner. “From the war on ISIS to political negotiations, France has stood with us. They remain committed to a solution that secures Kurdish rights.”

On Israel, peace, and regional dynamics

Ahmed emphasized that sustainable peace in Syria must involve regional actors, including Israel. “Israel has ties with many Arab countries. It is part of the Middle East, and the Jewish people have ancient roots in the region. Denying their existence won’t help. Peace must be built through dialogue.”

Syria under Assad and Sharaa—any real change?

Despite the transition from Bashar al-Assad to Ahmed al-Sharaa, Ahmed believes the ruling style remains largely unchanged. “The new leadership is still rooted in the old system. But to their credit, they’ve opened the door to negotiations. That’s a positive shift.”

On unity with the Kurdistan Region and Kurdish National Council

Ilham Ahmed reaffirmed the importance of strong ties with the Kurdistan Region. “From the beginning, we had solid relations. Despite some challenges, we are now in a positive phase of cooperation with the Kurdistan Regional Government and other political forces.”

“Regarding Prime Minister Masrour Barzani, we see his role as very important, and there is good communication with him, and we are happy with this communication," Said Ahmad

And about the Kurdish unity talks with the Kurdish National Council (ENKS), she said, “We are preparing for a unified Kurdish conference. We’ve reached consensus on many points, and although there are criticisms, we believe these differences will be resolved soon.”

Camp al-Hol and the threat of ISIS resurgence

Discussing the notorious al-Hol camp, Ahmed warned that the facility remains a serious security threat. “It was never intended as a long-term solution. With the end of U.S. support, managing it has become increasingly difficult.”

She called on the international coalition to devise a sustainable solution before the camp becomes a flashpoint for future violence.

On ISIS, she issued a stark warning: “The danger has not passed. We believe ISIS will attempt to reorganize. That’s why international support, especially from the coalition, is crucial.”

Civil resistance over armed struggle

Ilham Ahmed emphasized that peaceful civic struggle is the preferred path forward. “It’s the easier and more humane route. Armed struggle should only be the last resort—when there is no other way. We don’t want our people to suffer. Peace must always come first.”

Will Rojava disarm?

“We don’t speak about disarmament—we speak about peace,” she clarified. “If there is a unified Syrian state, weapons should be part of its defense structure. In Rojava, arms should serve only internal security—like the Asayish.”

On her emotional connection to Kurdistan region

Asked whether she feels the same bond with the Kurdistan Region as she does with Rojava, Ahmed replied, “Wherever Kurds live and Kurdish culture exists, it feels like home to me. I feel that deeply. That’s why I believe unity among all four parts of Kurdistan is not only possible—it is necessary.”